The new data will stimulate a comprehensive rethinking of our knowledge about long-term health and demographic change, migration, inequality, the trajectory of cultural communities and the efficacy of government policy in Canada. The ultimate beneficiaries are the Canadian people, who will acquire a deeper understanding of the formative decades of Canada. Additionally, the knowledge gained by researchers will inform policy-makers concerned with inequality, family, immigration, health, work, regional development, youth and aging, urbanization, and other critical challenges. It will also build new and existing centres of research excellence.